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Stainless Steel Alloy 321 | Product Properties, Composition & Machinability
Stainless steel alloy 321 is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel grade primarily composed of 18% chromium and 8% nickel. The addition of titanium provides stabilization against sensitization and intergranular corrosion during prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Alloy 321 exhibits excellent resistance to oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures, making it well-suited for applications in the aerospace, petrochemical, and thermal processing industries. Its enhanced high-temperature properties, coupled with its weldability and formability, make it a reliable choice for fabrication in challenging environments. Stainless steel alloy 321 is a versatile material, offering a combination of strength, corrosion resistance, and stability, making it valuable in various engineering applications.
Product Properties
Chemical
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Alloying Elements
Chromium: Most important element of stainless steel. An addition of 10% chromium will form an oxide film (passive surface film) which renders the steel corrosion resistant. Chromium also increases resistance to scaling.
Nickel: Second most important element. It increases ductility, corrosion resistance, scaling resistance, and high-temperature strength.
Silicon: Primarily increases resistance to scaling.
Manganese: Improves hot-working properties.
Molybdenum: Increases corrosion and high-temperature strength.
Sulfur-Phosphorus-Selenium: Increases machinability.
Titanium or Columbium-Tantalum: Stabilizes carbon and prevents chromium-carbide precipitation and subsequent intergranular corrosion.
Mechanical
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Physical
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Fabrication
Machinability ratings must be recognized as approximate values. They are a reasonable guide to relative tool life and power required for cutting. Variables of speed, cutting oil, feed, and depth of cut will significantly affect these ratios.
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*Based on Bessemer Screw Stock No. B1112
Machinability ratings must be recognized as approximate values. They are a reasonable guide to relative tool life and power required for cutting. Variables of speed, cutting oil, feed, and depth of cut will significantly affect these ratios.
Disclaimer: The data listed here are recommended starting points. Higher speeds and feeds may be obtainable based on the working environment. Keep in mind that speeds and feeds should always be adjusted in small steps. When using carbide tools; surface speed can be increased 2 to 3 times over the suggested values; feeds can be increased between 50 and 100%.
Characteristics
Titanium added to avoid chromium-carbide precipitation when heated. Good for welding.
Typical Uses
Aircraft components, heat exchangers, and manifolds.
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